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MODULE 9
Topic Jumpstation
Printer Friendly Version
The Apaches
The Southern Paiutes
THE APACHES
Key Concepts:
Chiricahua Apache
Cochise
Naiche
Chiricahua Prisoners of War Descendants
Apache Girls' Puberty Ceremony
Mountain Spirit Dancers (gaan. gaa'he)
Jicarilla Apache (Ollero and Llanero bands)
Mescalero Apache
Western Apache (White Mountain, San Carlos, Northern and Southern Tonto,
Cibicue subtribes)
Kiowa-Apache
Lipan Apache
Tonto Apache Tribe
White Mountain Apache
Fort Apache Reservation
San Carlos Apache Reservation
Reading Assignment, Text: Chapter 10, "The Apaches," pp. 360-399
Most Apaches, in contrast to the Navajo, were more influenced by Plains peoples than by Puebloan peoples after they settled in the Southwest. Over time, the Apaches separated from each other, with each group moving into what became its own territory and adapting to the local conditions of climate, terrain, and available food sources. Their contact with nearby non-Apacheans-Puebloan and Plains peoples-provided an array of cultural traits from which they selected specific traits that they adapted to their own cultural beliefs and practices.
Experiencing the greatest contact and influence from Plains peoples, the Kiowa-Apache, the Lipan, and the Llanero, the eastern band of the Jicarilla Apache, developed the most nomadic, equestrian cultures. The Western Apache had the closest contact with the Puebloans, which probably led to their greater reliance on farming, the development of a semi-sedentary lifestyle, and the adoption of matrilineal kinship. The Chiricahua, the Mescalero, and the Ollero, the western band of the Jicarilla Apache, were the least influenced by Plains or Puebloan cultures.
Today, each Apache group is a separate tribal entity. The Tonto Apache Tribe, a group of Western Apaches, has their own reservation. The White Mountain Apache Reservation (known as the Fort Apache Reservation) lies north of the Salt or Black River, while the San Carlos Apache Reservation is located south of these rivers; both Arizona reservations are home to most Western Apaches and both reservations have had separate tribal governments since the 1930s. The Jicarilla have their own reservation, while the Chiricahua, Lipan, and Mescalero live on the Mescalero Reservation in New Mexico.
