Linguistics 210 - Homework 2
Due February 16, 2000
Answer the following questions about Luiseño, a Uto-Aztecan language
spoken in San Diego County, California, based on the data in A-C below.
1. Describe the types of noun stems that appear in each of the five
classes in A (i.e., what types of things do they describe?).
2. Describe the various ways in which 'my' is expressed in Luiseño
in B. In particular, what happens to the class 2 and 3 stems when the
prefix meaning 'my' is added?
3. Describe the various ways in which 'to' is expressed in Luiseño
in C. Compare what happens to the class 2 and 3 stems with what
happens to them when the prefix meaning 'my' is added. Note that
the suffix meaning 'to' is spelled yk following a vowel and
ik following a consonant.
4. Translate 'to my bear', 'to my sun', and 'to my rock' into Luiseño.
Note 1: Luiseño forms are cited in the orthography developed by Ms.
Villiana Hyde, except that word stress (indicated by underlining the
stressed vowel) is not shown. In particular S stands for s with the
tongue slightly retracted.
Note 2: Stems of classes 1-3 can occur as independent words in Luiseño,
meaning 'a bear', 'the bear', 'bear', etc. On the other hand, stems of
classes 4 and 5 cannot occur as independent words. They always occur with a
possessive prefix.
A. Some Noun Stems
| Class 1 |
|
Class 2 |
|
Class 3 |
| hunwut |
'bear' |
temet |
'sun' |
toota |
'rock' |
| ku'aal |
'fly' |
moyla |
'moon' |
huula |
'arrow' |
| paa'ila |
'turtle' |
tuupash |
'sky' |
taanat |
'blanket' |
| qeweewish |
'fox' |
waniicha |
'river' |
peshlish |
'bowl' |
| muuta |
'owl' |
'exval |
'sand' |
hukapish |
'pipe' |
| |
|
|
|
tungla |
'name' |
| Class 4 |
|
Class 5 |
| na |
'father' |
ma |
'hand, arm' |
| yo |
'mother' |
kaxmay |
'knee' |
| Swaamay |
'daughter' |
'e |
'foot, leg' |
| kaamay |
'son' |
qaSi |
'thigh' |
| paa'aS |
'older brother' |
| qee'is |
'older sister' |
| peet |
'younger brother' |
| piit |
'younger sister' |
B. Corresponding First-Person Possessed Nouns
| Class 1 |
|
Class 2 |
|
Class 3 |
| no'aash hunwut |
'my bear' |
notemeki |
'my sun' |
notoo |
'my rock' |
| no'aash ku'aal |
'my fly' |
nomoyki |
'my moon' |
nohuu |
'my arrow' |
| no'aash paa'ila |
'my turtle' |
notuupaki |
'my sky' |
notaana |
my blanket |
| no'aash qeweewish |
'my fox' |
nowaniiki |
'my river' |
nopeshli |
'my bowl' |
| no'aash muuta |
'my owl' |
no'exvaki |
'my sand' |
nohukapi |
my pipe |
| |
|
|
|
notung |
'my name' |
| Class 4 |
|
Class 5 |
| nona |
'my father' |
noma |
'my hand, arm' |
| noyo |
'my mother' |
nokaxmay |
'my knee' |
| noSwaamay |
'my daughter' |
no'e |
'my foot, leg' |
| nokaamay |
'my son' |
noqaS |
'my thigh' |
| nopaa'aS |
'my older brother' |
| noqee'is |
'my older sister' |
| nopeet |
'my younger brother' |
| nopiit |
'my younger sister' |
C. Corresponding Directional Nouns (Some First-Person Possessed)
| Class 1 |
|
Class 2 |
|
Class 3 |
| hunwut poyk |
'to the bear' |
temeyk |
'to the sun' |
tooyk |
'to the rock' |
| ku'aal poyk |
'to the fly' |
moyik |
'to the moon' |
huuyk |
'to the arrow' |
| paa'ila poyk |
'to the turtle' |
tuupayk |
'to the sky' |
taanayk |
'to the blanket' |
| qeweewish poyk |
'to the fox' |
waniiyk |
'to the river' |
peshliyk |
'to the bowl' |
| muuta poyk |
'to the owl' |
'exvayk |
'to the sand' |
hukapiyk |
'to the pipe' |
| |
|
|
|
tungik |
'to the name' |
| Class 4 |
|
Class 5 |
| nona poyk |
'to my father' |
nomayk |
'to my hand, arm' |
| noyo poyk |
'to my mother' |
nokaxmayik |
'to my knee' |
| noSwaamay poyk |
'to my daughter' |
no'eyk |
'to my foot, leg' |
| nokaamay poyk |
'to my son' |
noqaSiyk |
'to my thigh' |
| nopaa'aS poyk |
'to my older brother' |
| noqee'is poyk |
'to my older sister' |
| nopeet poyk |
'to my younger brother' |
| nopiit poyk |
'to my younger sister' |
Solution to Homework 2
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