Linguistics 210

Data from Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 11th edition, ed. by Barbara Grimes, Dallas, TX: Summer Institute of Linguistics, 1988. Additional information about California languages from "In Our Own Words", by Leanne Hinton and Yolanda Montijo, News from Native California 7.1, 1993-94, pp. 4-9. C.E. represents Hinton and Montijo's (HM's) "conservative estimate" of number of speakers; L.E., their "liberal estimate".

Click on any of the states below to go directly to the list for that state.

Alabama	Louisiana	North Carolina
Alaska	Maine	North Dakota
Arizona	Masschusetts	Oklahoma
California	Michigan	Oregon
Colorado	Minnesota	South Carolina
Delaware	Mississippi	South Dakota
Florida	Montana	Texas
Hawaii	Nebraska	Utah
Idaho	Nevada	Virginia
Indiana	New Jersey	Washington
Iowa	New Mexico	Wisconsin
Kansas	New York	Wyoming

ARIZONA
Navajo (Diné)	130,000	Athapascan
Tohono O'odham	15,000	Uto-Aztecan
Apache, Western (Coyotero)	11,000	Athapascan
Hopi	5,000	Uto-Aztecan
Yoeme (Yaqui)	5,000	Uto-Aztecan
Maricopa	1,500	Hokan
Havasupai	1,200	Hokan
Mojave	700	Hokan
Cocopa	450	Hokan
Tewa	see NM
Quechan (Yuma)	see CA
Ute	see UT

NEW MEXICO
Zuñi	5,000	Zuñi (isolate)
Keres, Western	4,500	Keres (isolate)
Keres, Eastern	4,000	Keres (isolate)
Tewa	3,000	Tanoan
Tiwa, Southern	2,500	Tanoan
Tiwa, Northern	1,800	Tanoan
Jemez (Towa)	1,800	Tanoan
Apache, Mescalero-Chiricahua	1,800	Athapascan
Apache, Jicarilla	1,800	Athapascan
Apache, Lipan	10	Athapascan
Navajo	see AZ

UTAH
Ute (Southern Paiute)	2,500	Uto-Aztecan
Navajo	see AZ
Shoshoni	see NV

COLORADO
Navajo	see AZ
Ute	see UT

NEVADA
Shoshoni	3,000	Uto-Aztecan
Paiute, Northern (Paviotso)	2,000	Uto-Aztecan
Washo	100	Hokan

CALIFORNIA
Achumawi	<10	Hokan
Atsugewi	4	Hokan
Cahto (Kato)	<10	Athapascan
Cahuilla	50	Uto-Aztecan
Chemehuevi	10	Uto-Aztecan
Chumash	0	Hokan
Cocopa	see AZ
Cupeño	<10	Uto-Aztecan
Diegue&ntiilde;o	350	Uto-Aztecan
Esselen	0	Hokan
Gabrielino (Tongva)	0	Uto-Aztecan
Hupa	<50	Athapascan
Juaneño (Ajachmem)	1	Uto-Aztecan
Karuk (Karok)	100	Hokan
Kawaiisu	<10	Uto-Aztecan
Luiseño	100	Uto-Aztecan
Mattole (Wailaki)	0	Athapascan
Maidu	20	Penutian
Miwok	10	Penutian
Mojave	see AZ
Mono	20	Uto-Aztecan
Ohlone (Costanoan)	0	Penutian
Paiute, Owens Valley	50	Uto-Aztecan
Paiute, Northern	see NV
Pomo	100	Hokan
Quechan (Yuma)	500	Hokan
Salinan	0	Hokan
Serrano	2	Uto-Aztecan
Shasta	<10	Hokan
Shoshoni	see NV
Tolowa	5	Athapascan
Tubatalabal	5	Uto-Aztecan
Washo	see NV
Wintu	<20	Penutian
Wiyot	0	Yurok-Wiyot (isolates)
Yana	0	Hokan
Yokuts	60	Penutian
Yuki	2	Yuki (isolate)
Yurok	<10	Yurok-Wiyot (isolates)

OREGON
Tenino (Warm Springs)	200	Penutian
Klamath	150	Penutian
Walla Walla	100	Penutian
Umatilla	50	Penutian
Tututni	10	Athapascan
Wasco-Wshram	10	Penutian
Chetco	<5	Athapascan
Coos	<3	Penutian
Kalapuya	<3	Penutian
Siuslaw	<3	Penutian
Tillamook	0	Salishan
Coquille	0	Athapascan
Tolowa	see CA
Yakima	see WA

WASHINGTON
Yakima	3,000	Penutian
Flathead-Kalispel	800	Salishan
Makah	500	Wakashan
Okanagon	500	Salishan
Columbia-Wenatchi	150	Salishan
Skagit (Swinomish)	100	Salishan
Spokane	100	Salishan
Salish, Straits	50	Salishan
Salish, Southern Puget Sound	50	Salishan
Chinook Pidgin	50	Creole
Snohomish	20	Salishan
Chehalis	10	Salishan
Nooksack	10	Salishan
Quileute	10	Chimakuan (isolate)
Quinault	10	Salishan
Twana (Skokomish)	<10	Salishan
Chinook	0	Penutian
Cowlitz	0	Salishan

ALASKA
Yupik, Central	15,000	Eskimo-Aleut
Inupiat	4,000	Eskimo-Aleut
Inuit	4,000	Eskimo-Aleut
Tlingit	2,000	Na-Dene
Yupik, Siberian	1,800	Eskimo-Aleut
Tsimshian	1,600	Penutian
Gwich'in	1,500	Athapascan
Sugpiak	1,000	Eskimo-Aleut
Aleut	500	Eskimo-Aleut
Tanana, Upper (Nabesna)	370	Athapascan
Koyukon	300	Athapascan
Haida	300	Na-Dene
Tanaina	250	Athapascan
Ahtena	200	Athapascan
Upper Kuskokwim	140	Athapascan
Ingalik	100	Athapascan
Tanana	100	Athapascan
Han	50	Athapascan
Holikachuk	25	Athapascan
Eyak	3	Athapascan

HAWAII
Hawaiian Creole	500,000	Creole
Hawai'i	2,000	Polynesian

IDAHO
Nez Perce	500	Salishan
Kutenai	200	Kutenai (isolate)
Coeur d'Alene	20	Salishan
Paiute, Northern	see NV
Shoshoni	see NV

MONTANA
Cree, Western	35,000	Algonkian
Blackfoot	9,000	Algonkian
Crow	5,000	Siouan-Caddoan
Assiniboin	150	Siouan-Caddoan
Atsina (Gros Ventre)	<10	Algonkian
Ojibwa, Western	see MN
Dakota, Lakota	see SD

WYOMING
Arapaho	1,500	Algonkian
Crow	see MT
Shoshone	see NV

NORTH DAKOTA
Arikara	200	Siouan-Caddoan
Hidatsa	100	Siouan-Caddoan
Mandan	4	Siouan-Caddoan
French Cree (Mitchif)	n/a	Creole
Dakota, Lakota	see SD
Ojibwa, Western	see MN

MINNESOTA
Ojibwa, Western (Chippewa)	35,000	Algonkian
Dakota, Lakota	see SD

SOUTH DAKOTA
Dakota (Sioux)	19,000	Siouan-Caddoan
Lakota (Teton)	6,000	Siouan-Caddoan

NEBRASKA
Omaha	1,500	Siouan-Caddoan
Iowa	20	Siouan-Caddoan
Dakota, Lakota	see SD
Sauk-Fox (Mesquakie)	see IA
Winnebago	see WI

KANSAS
Kickapoo	1,200	Algonkian
Potawotami	see WI

OKLAHOMA
Cherokee (Tsalagi)	22,500	Iroquoian
Choctaw-Chickasaw	12,000	Muskogean
Muskogee (Creek)	10,000	Muskogean
Kiowa	800	Tanoan
Comanche	500	Uto-Aztecan
Caddo (Kado)	300	Siouan-Caddoan
Pawnee	200	Siouan-Caddoan
Shawnee	200	Algonkian
Wichita	50	Siouan-Caddoan
Yuchi	50	Siouan-Caddoan
Osage	25	Siouan-Caddoan
Ponca	25	Siouan-Caddoan
Apache, Kiowa	10	Athapascan
Oto	10	Siouan-Caddoan
Kansa	0	Siouan-Caddoan
Quapaw (Arkansas)	0	Siouan-Caddoan
Kitsai	0	Siouan-Caddoan
Natchez	0	Gulf
Tonkawa	0	Gulf
Apache, Mescalero-Chiricahua	see NM
Arapaho	see WY
Cayuga	see NY
Cheyenne	see MT
Delaware	see NJ
Kickapoo	see KS
Miami	see IN
Potawatomi	see WI
Sauk-Fox	see IA

TEXAS
Tiwa, Southern	see NM
Alabama-Koasati	see LA

IOWA
Sauk-Fox (Mesquakie)	800	Algonkian

INDIANA
Miami	0	Algonkian

LOUISIANA
Alabama-Koasati	700	Muskogean
Choctaw	see OK
Chitimacha	0	Gulf

WISCONSIN
Winnebago	1,500	Siouan-Caddoan
Potawatomi	500	Algonkian
Menomini	50	Algonkian
Ojibwa, Western	see MN

MICHIGAN
Ojibwa, Eastern	8,000	Algonkian
Potawatomi	see WI

MISSISSIPPI
Choctaw	see OK

ALABAMA
Muskogee (Creek)	see OK

FLORIDA
Mikasuki	1,500	Muskogean
Muskogee (Seminole)	see OK

SOUTH CAROLINA
Catawba	<10	Algonkian

NORTH CAROLINA
Cherokee	see OK
Lumbee (Croatan)	0	Algonkian

VIRGINIA
Powhatan	0	Algonkian

DELAWARE
Nanticoke	0	Algonkian

NEW JERSEY
Delaware (Lenni-Lenape)	50	Algonkian

NEW YORK
Mohawk	3,000	Iroquoian
Cayuga	300	Iroquoian
Oneida	250	Iroquoian
Onondaga	100	Iroquoian
Tuscarora	30	Iroquoian
Mohegan-Montauk-Narragansett	0	Algonkian
Micmac	see MA

MASSACHUSETTS
Wampanoag (Massachusett)	0	Algonkian
Micmac	2,000	Algonkian

MAINE
Malecite-Passamaquoddy	1,500	Algonkian
Abnaki-Penobscot	20	Algonkian