Summary of findings:
The first article expresses Henry V as the perfect king. The second claims Henry V, the play, can stand on its own. The Third is about Henry V and his quiet regard towards the legitimacy of his throne. And the fourth deals with Henry V as a commercial enterprise.
Klein, Holger & Wymer, Roland. "Henry V and the chivalric revival." Shakespeare and History 37 (1996): 119-149. Annotation by Shawn McGrath.
In the article by Holger Klein and Rowland
Wymer it discusses the chivalry of Henry V that was caused by the decisions
he made while king and by the legacy he left behind after he died.
Henry V was said to be England's
greatest warrior-king and praised by his contemporaries
as the, "flower of knighthood". The historical Henry V was the epitome
of English chivalry and by chivalry it is meant that he had a code of values
that glorified military
prowess as the supreme achievement. In the
play of Henry V Henry epitomizes this chivalric ideal. He
is a man inspired by heroics. Shakespeare writes, "his god is a 'God
of battles' (4.1.285); and when he invades France he
comes / In thunder and in earthquake, like
a Jove" (2.4.100). "Henry's rhetoric is exhilarating; his courage
in battle is exemplary; his piety seems indisputable and his honour bright"
(Klein & Wymer, 121). By the final scene of the play any lingering
doubts about the legitimacy of his claims to France are easily forgotten
as the French king and queen seem happy with England and the terms of the
proposed alliance. Therefore, what
reason is there to doubt the integrity of
this chivalric king? In relation to the historical Henry, the same
holds true. Even though an early death meant that his political vision
of a joint kingdom united under English rule
would never be realized, it added to his heroic
and chivalric reputation.
Salomon, Brownell. “Thematic Contraries and the Dramaturgy of Henry V.” Shakespeare Quarterly 31:3 (1980): 343-356. Annotation by Kate Street.
Salomon argues that Henry V stands on its own, and does not need to be put into the context of the four-play series. We should concentrate on the play itself, and the author does this by giving us a scene-by-scene analysis. Salomon wishes to prove that Henry V’s “individual scenes are organically interconnected, unified by a single conceptual framework” (344). This framework supposedly consists of “two thematic contraries: private cause versus public good” (344). Rather than looking at the characters like Pistol, Nym, and Bardolph as foils, Salomon sees them as those interested in private cause, which is contrasted against the royalty’s endeavor of public good. Salomon sees the opening scene with the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Bishop of Ely as a scene focused on private cause, contrasting with 1.2 dealing with the King and the public interest.
So, the argument between Pistol and Nym in 2.1 is analyzed as a petty argument dealing with private cause, when really these characters should be going to France for the public good – not fighting over a woman. Salomon views the scenes with Pistol and Nym as “a world of selfish opportunism” (347). Salomon also points out that later in the play we will see selfish characters like Pistol defeated, or at least embarrassed by the public good.
In conclusion, Salomon asserts that the “act division plays no part at all in the design of the plays; that their basic dramatic unit is the scene; that there is a conscious design in the internal organization of the scenes” (355). Salomon sees the characters interested in public cause “begin a diagonal descent to repudiation and defeat almost from the beginning of the play. Intersecting that downward vector is the upward diagonal that represents the justification and growing success of King Henry and like-minded supporters” (356).
Wentersdorf, Karl P. “The Conspiracy of Silence in Henry V.” Shakespeare Quarterly Volume 27, Issue 3 (Summer, 1976): 264-287. Annotation by Dave Thompkins.
1) Concerning the Southampton conspiracy episode,
there is no reference to the fact that two of the plotters were men of
authority as well as rank: Scoop was Lord Treasurer and Grey (cousin of
Hotspur) was a member of the
Privy Council
2) This episode was one of a long series of
plots created by disputes over the succession to the English throne
3) The Southampton conspiracy in Henry
V is part of a much larger dynastic struggle, which begins with the
Oxford plot to kill the usurper Henry IV and restore Richard II
4) Strikingly, the characters involved in
the Southampton plot remain SILENT regarding the family ties and political
motives of the Earl of Cambridge--Nowhere in Henry V is there any reference
to obvious motives of
the plotters in accepting help from France
5) While modern play-goers would be unable
to grasp the genealogical details and significance of the status and actions
of the Earl of Cambridge, an audience in Shakespeare's day would have known
the general background of the Southampton conspiracy
6) Henry's silence is understood in so much
as if he were to mention the plotter's intention to make Mortimer king,
he would draw attentions to the gratuitously weak legality of his own claim
to the throne
7) The role of the Earl of Cambridge and his
men in their attempt to overthrow the established monarch is analogous
to that of Henry V and his noblemen challenging the French
8) Henry V completes Shakespeare's
exploration of the true role played by the house of Lancaster in precipitating
the War of the Roses
Aaron, Melissa D. “The Globe and Henry V as Business Document.” Studies in English Literature 1500-1900 40.2 (2000): 277-292. Annotation by Clint Bryson.
Melissa D. Aaron argues that texts, such as
Shakespearean works, were property owned by a company. Aaron, citing
Stephen Orgel and his essay “What is a text” claims that, in Shakespeare’s
case, it was the Lord Chamberlain’s Men that had as much right to it as
did Shakespeare himself. She also states that dramatic texts can
be looked at in respect to their “function as an owned, saleable commodity.”
She states that in order to understand the full potential of any text it
must be examined in regard to its “economic value and impact.”
How did Henry V and the Lord Chamberlain’s
Men fair against the London marketplace? Aaron examines the timing
of 2 Henry IV and Henry V, and claims that the Lord Chamberlain’s
Men may have planned to release multipart plays to ease the change to a
new location, The Globe. But she goes on to claim that because The
Globe may not have been finished Henry V may have been opened at
the Curtain. If that was the case Aaron suggests that that would
explain the apologetic wording and tone of the prologues. She also
states that the actor who always played Falstaff may have left the company
prior to Henry V being written, which may be why he is killed offstage
and left out of Henry V. By not having the promised new theatre
and well-liked Falstaff to open the new Henry V the text turned
out to be a much less financial success then the company had wished.
She summarizes by stating the “text reflects aesthetic decisions and the
political temper of the times, bus also commercial realities, such as the
danger of losing the audience or consumers through cast attrition, change
of location, or simple boredom.”
Rabkin, Norman. “Rabbits, Ducks, and Henry V.” Shakespeare Quarterly, Volume 28, Issue 3 (Summer, 1977), 279-296. Annotation by Kim Gattshall.
Rabkin argues that while Shakespeare’s greater
plays leave the reader “knowing we should be perplexed” Henry V
is often critiqued as being a “consistent whole” with no great mystery
leaving the audience wondering. The crux of this simplistic view
of the play is that few critics agree on an interpretation. Interpretations
range from the play being a presentation of an ideal monarch, to Henry
being a Machiavellian militarist who proves to be a ruthless hypocrite.
In an earlier paper Gombrich describes these opposing views as either a
rabbit or a duck. You read Henry V one way and you see the
rabbit, you read Henry V the other way and you see the duck. Gombrich
contends it is not possible to read Henry V both ways at one time.
Rabkin argues Henry V is a rabbit-duck. The audience would
have been aware of Henry V as a continuation of the earlier Henry
IV series. Rabkin offers the opinion that Shakespeare’s power is
in pointing the audience into two directions and daring us to choose while
it is possible that both are true. Therefore, Henry V is meant
to be read as both the ideal monarch (the duck) and the militarist (the
rabbit).