Feminist Literary Theories
Anne
Lady Southwell (1574-1636) on marriage



All maried men desire to have good wifes,
but few give good example by their lives.
They are owr head; they wodd have us thir heles.
This makes the good wife kick--the good man reles
º.         ºreels, reacts with astonishment
When god brought Eve to Adam for a bride,
the text sayes she was taeneº from out mans side:             
ºtaken           
A simbole
of that side, whose sacred bloud
flowed for his spowse, The Churches savinge good.*        
This is a misterie, perhaps too deepe
for blockish Adam that was falen a sleepe.

"A simbole . . . sauinge good. The Church is traditionally understood as the "spowse" of Christ. During his crucifixion, one of the soldiers stabbed his side, and blood (and clear fluid) poured out. That was later understood as a symbol not only of the crucifixion but also of the wine (and water) of Holy Communion (the Mass or Last Supper). Both the crucifixion and the Holy Communion represent acts of "saving good" for the Church. In the poem, "a simbole of that [Christ's] side" can stand for Eve (whom God made from Adam's rib, his side], the blood that flowed from Christ's side in the crucifixion, and (by implication), Holy Communion. All function as good acts of salvation for the Church or "the Churches savinge good."

The poem appears in the commonplace book of Anne Lady Southwell, called the Southwell/Sibthorpe Commonplace book because both the Southwell and Sibthorpe families contributed to it. Two copies of the book survive, one held by the
British Library (London) and one by the Folger Shakespeare Library (Washington DC), the BL MS perhaps being a draft, with the Folger, a later, much revised fair copy. (A third manuscript, now lost, is mentioned in a nineteenth-century bookseller's catalog; some speculate that it may have been the final version.) Southwell's Commonplace was published in 1997 as The Southwell-Sibthorpe Commonplace Book: Folger Ms. V. B. 198 , ed. by Jean Klene. I've added some punctuation to clarify sense and have regularized i/j u/v; otherwise, I have not changed the spelling. The Folger version is filled with stops (periods) that defy understanding (mine, anyway); see the University of Warwick site on Anne Lady Southwell for the original punctuation as well as extensive description of the two MSS and biographical information on Southwell and her Calvinist piety.