*    Began video: One Woman, One Vote

*    Introduction
    *    1848, Seneca Falls, NY: Elizabeth Cady Stanton leads first woman’s rights meeting to discuss suffrage.
        *    300 women and 40 men attend.
        *    Issues for discussion include divorce, right to own, etc. but discussion of women’s suffrage is very controversial
        *    Abolitionist Frederick Douglass speaks in favor of women’s and black people’s suffrage).

*    Early Days
    *    Stanton meets Susan B. Anthony, a schoolteacher, at one of various women’s meetings around the U.S..
    *    Anthony becomes an activist herself, touring the U.S. speaking on behalf of equality for all people. Says, “I do not want to give up my life of freedom to
            become a man’s housekeeper.” Believes that women should have all human rights.
    *    Lucy Stone, a Boston abolitionist, starts speaking on behalf of women’s rights.
    *    1861: Civil War erupts; women put aside own demands to work for the Union cause.
        *    After the war, an amendment for black men’s suffrage is proposed.
        *    Stanton & Anthony condemned this amendment for excluding women.
        * National Women’s Suffrage Association is formed.

*    The Challenge
    *    1872 presidential election: hundreds of women go to polls trying to vote, arguing that they’re Americans.
    *    Anthony intimidates poll-keepers into letting her and others vote.
        *    She is arrested by the U.S. Marshall for the crime of voting.
        *    Her trial features an all-male jury whom the (male) judge tells to find her guilty.
        *    Anthony is not allowed to be a witness in her own trial-- she’s declared “incompetent” because she’s female.
        *    She is given a fine, which she refuses to pay, saying “Resistance to tyranny is obedience to God”
    *    WY becomes the first state to grant women’s suffrage. (At this time, women’s suffrage can only be extended by state legislation).

*    The West
    *    In 1893, CO puts women’s suffrage on the ballot.
        *    Ellis Meredith, a western journalist, writes Anthony requesting speakers & literature.
        *    Carrie Chapman Catt is dispatched to Denver to speak.
        *    Over 10,000 women are organized for the cause, many of whom are members of the Women’s Christian Temperance Union (wanted the vote so women
                could vote to ban alcohol).
            *    Bar owners launch anti-women’s-suffrage leaflet campaigns.
    *    By 1886, CO, WY, ID, & UT all have women’s suffrage.

*    Hidden Enemy
    *    The Boston society women of Beacon Hill organize the Massachusetts Assoc. Against Suffrage for Women. They view politics as corrupt and male.
    *    In 1895, Mass. calls for men and women to vote in an opinion poll.
    *    Alice Stone Blackwell (daughter of Lucy Stone) tells colleagues to vote in the referendum.
    *    Anti-suffragists plaster leaflets everywhere, telling women not to vote. Very few women do go.

*    Sisters and Strangers
    *    Educated, middle-class black club women work for equal opportunity for blacks.
    *    Mary Church Terrell leads the black women’s suffrage mvm’t.
        *    Asks “sisters in the dominant race” to include them in their resolutions.
        *    This plea is mostly ignored/denied.

*    Ties That Bind
    *    1890’s: Anthony complains that new crop of suffragists “don’t have enough starch in their souls."
    *    White suffragists are arguing that the vote should be taken away from “ignorant immigrant men” and given to them.
    *    Stanton sees church as responsible for women’s opression.
        *    Writes a women’s bible, which is translated into 6 languages.
        *    This bible featured rewritten versions of passages from the bible that stated women were inferior.
        *    Stanton is seen as blasphemous, censured by the women’s suffrage mvm’t.
    *    Stanton and Anthony start to grow apart.

*    New Woman (20th century begins)
    *    In NY, Harriet Blanch (Stanton’s daughter) forms a new suffrage organization that turns into a mass mvm’t.
        *    She sends women into the streets to directly confront male voters.
        *    Also instigates suffrage parades, in which women march militarily to display that they’re brave and not about to go away.
    *    Within the span of 5 years, WA, CA, AS, KS, & OR give women the vote.
    *    In 1902, Stanton dies. She asks that Anthony’s picture be placed on her casket.
    *    In 1906, Anthony dies, with more than 10,000 mourners at the service.

*    Hard Times
    *    In 1912, Mich., WI, OH put women’s suffrage on the ballot.
    *    Highly educated Anna Howard Shaw leads suffrage mvm’t, giving personable, humorous speeches in OH.
    *    Factory owners and liquor interests lead the anti-suffrage campaign, support an outpouring of anti-suffragist propaganda.
    *    Women’s suffrage proposals are defeated in all 3 states.

*    We Demand
    *    1910: In London, Mrs. Pankherst leads suffragists to becoming militant.
    *    Alice Paul, a Quaker from NJ, is arrested for protesting injustices.
        *    She goes on hunger strike in prison and is force-fed with tubes.
        *    In 1913, Paul arrives in Washington D.C. with a doctorate in PolySci.
        *    She sets up an office with Lucy Burns, and they work together for a constitutional amendment for women’s suffrage.
        *    They set up a parade for the day before President Wilson’s inauguration.
            *    Meant to be a beautiful pageant. Inez Millhalen, a NY lawyer, is chosen to lead the parade on a horse.
            *    Thousands march, including men and blacks.
            *    Men from the crowds start heckling, things get out of hand, and hundreds of marchers are injured, although not a single rioter is arrested.
    *    The “Susan B. Anthony Amendment” is proposed.

 *    Also: Presentation on the Women's Studies Writing Center. The center is in Communications bldg, #104. The center works on a drop-in basis, with no
        appointment necessary. For more information, visit: http://www.ic.arizona.edu/~wswc.index.htm