*    Professor McBride covered some themes in colonial history to give us some idea of the times written about by
        Smith-Rosenberg.

    *    Nation:
         *    Colonies - rural, middle class, Protestant in English colonies.
         *    American Revolution, War of 1812
         *    Colonies were isolated, huge land masses. Indians were already here. Nation is developing, Indians already present
                with their own tribal nations, customs, laws, etc.
         *    Whites brought their Puritan ideas, were in search of land, religious and political freedoms.
         *    Virtual representation -- only some people could vote, mainly land owners. Others were "virtually represented."
 
    *    Geography - underdeveloped, Edenic, theocracy. Expansion - taking more and more land from indigenous people.
        *    Conflict w/Indians and others who were originally on the  land. Indians and whites had different ideas about property
                ownership.

    *    Population - originally more indigenous people, but this changed as more people immigrated.
         *    Immigration - Irish (extremely poor when they arrived), African slaves (not exactly immigration), Germans (farmed),
                English, Dutch, French.

    *    Economy: textile mills, mechanization, steam power, slave trade, plantations (slavery). Through the capitalist economy
            great wealth was generated for some and  terrible poverty for others, especially the indigenous population.
         *    Transportation - canals, steam boats, railroads.
 
    *    An era of reform movements: child labor laws, abolition, mental health, temperance, expansion of education, suffrage,
            juvenile justice court established, prison reform.
        *    Women got their start in political activism through the temperance and abolition movements.
 
    *    Nuclear family -- companionate marriage, Protestant, eventually 1950s suburbia.

*    Smith-Rosenberg: article is second wave feminism. Her work is recuperative, recovering the lost lives of women in a
        historical and sociological sense. Second wave feminism is characterized by recuperation, what has been forgotten or
        lost. Much of the information cannot be recovered, because it has been literally lost.
     *    Canon - rule, list.
     *    Gender segregation -- men and women lived in separate spheres.
     *    Smith-Rosenberg does not look at the female relationships as if they were deviant. She was not going to use the
            Freudian perspective that homosexuality was incomplete adulthood. We must examine these relationships in the
            context of the time they occurred, not with our 21st century lens.
     *    Lesbianism is always invisible. Sex = penetration, if this is true then two women can't have sex.
     *    Lillian Faderman -  some women chose to enter relationships w/other women, because they were considered more
            virtuous & less sexual than heterosexual relationships. At one point men were thought to be more virtuous than women,
            but this is eventually reversed. Virtuous becomes a more female domestic quality.

*    Maternal feminism/cultural feminism -- traditional roles for women are valued. This becomes essentialist theory.
     *    Catherine and Harriet Beecher Stowe - maternalist feminists. Hearth of the home is the center of virtue and public
            sphere should be modeled on the home.
 
*    Smith-Rosenberg is writing about white, middle class women. This was a groundbreaking article in terms of sexuality,
        women and social systems, but ignored class and race.