The continuation of the video "One Woman, One Vote", written and produced by Ruth Pollack

*    In the second part of this video Alice Paul and Lucy Burns were introduced.
    *    The were two very important woman in the suffrage movement.  Alice Paul is working to recruit women with
            connections to the labor movement as well as women of the upper classes to join the movement.
    *    These women saw the democratic party as the enemy of the Suffrage Movement and recruited women organizers
            across the country to vote against Democratic candidates. They wanted to get voters to move the suffrage bill to the
            Senate.
    *    The video mentions such prominient organizers as Rose Winslow and Doris Stevens.
    *    When the bill finally goes to senate, it is defeated.  However, the very fact that it was receiving so much attention was
            considered progress.

*    There is a split in the women's suffrage movement - Anna Howard Shaw is now the president of the national
        organization and Alice Paul leads a second group.
    *    In 1916, Jeannette Rankin is the first woman to be elected to Congress.
    *    Carrie Chapman Catt takes over from Anna Howard Shaw to become the suffrage movement's greatest organizer.  She
            is known as "the General" as she recruits and leads street armies of women demanding that the Susan B. Anthony
            amendment become federal law.
     *    The suffragists receive support, but there is much resistance in the south.  The south has been most resistant to any
            for of change and women's suffrage was a threat not only to male dominance, but also to white supremacists, who
            were vehemently opposed to the idea of African American women having the ability to vote.
    *    The women's movement kept organizing, now with the help of such women as Maude Wood Park.

*    In 1917 the United States enters the World War.
     *    The split between the mainstream and militant feminist activists grows even greater during this time.
    *    Carrie Chapman Catt says that women are to keep working for suffrage, as well as supporting the male soldiers of our
            country.
        *    She says this not only as necessary to the country,  but also a good political strategy, she wants to be on the
                government's good side to gain  favor.
    *    Alice Paul and the National Women's Party have a different opinion.  They chose to only support the enfranchisement
            of women.  They send out a perpetual delegation, 6 days a week, demanding the president to support the
            constitutional amendment.
        *    "Resistance to Tyranny is obedience to God."
        *    Many citizens looked down upon this course of action, viewing it as Treason.
        *    The women were attacked for their peaceful protest and were offered no protection from the police.  They were in
                fact arrested by the police and forced into days, weeks, even months in jail for "obstructing traffic."
            *    There were 168 women jailed.  In jail they were very poorly treated.  The conditions were horrible.  These
                    women were violently treated as political prisoners and placed in isolation.  A senator from Illinois claimed
                    that never before had he seen prisoners more poorly treated.
            *    The women began a hunger strike to protest and were force fed.  They became know as the "Iron Jawed Angels"
                    and were finally released.

*    In November of 1917, New York finally gives women the right to vote and President Wilson says yes to the Susan B.
        Anthony amendment!
    *    In January of 1918 the amendment goes to House and Senate and finally passes in each (by one vote)!
    *    But it is not over yet... the amendment needed to be ratified by 36 state legislatures before becoming law.  By March
            1920, still only 35 states were in support of the movement.
    *    Masses, lobbying for both sides, descend on Nashville. On  Aug 18th, Tennessee votes to ratify the amendment!
    *    Again, it passes by one vote (a young Tennessee Republican, Harry Burns, has changed his vote after receiving a
            letter from his mother).
    *    Finally, after a battle of almost one hundred years, women's suffrage will be granted!

*    After finishing One Woman, One Vote, we discussed the film and the last class readings.
    *    "Slave and Mistress", by Hazel Carby, again brought up The Cult of True Womanhood and the racialization of gender.
        *    Gender became racialized because the qualifiers for true womanhood, class, physical attributes, and purity,
                completely excluded black women of those times.
        *    They were not able to be domestic because they were forced to work.
        *    African American women were viewed as seductive and evil, as carnal and even nonhuman.  White womanhood
                was over and against blackness.
        *    Professor McBride brought up the example of Lucretia, a woman of ancient Greece who was raped by an opposing
                general during war and killed herself before her husband returned so that he would not be polluted by her.
        *    We discussed the rape of slave women and spoke of the lynching of slave men.
        *    We also discussed the images and stereotypes still present in our society, such as the rapist as a unknown black
                man, which is not true.
    *    We then went on to discuss Ida B.  Wells Burnet.  She spoke out about lynching, which was considered public
            entertainment.
            *Even today we can see this "public lynching" in the abuse of marginalized people (such as African Americans,
                homosexuals, even abortion doctors).
    *    On a more positive note, we talked about Harriet Tubman who courageously escaped slavery and freed 300 people.
    *    The Grimke Sisters, the only southern white women to be involved in the abolition movement.  They were also
            courageous, keeping faith in their beliefs even when there was no one there to support them.

*    Quiz Tuesday on Flexner article and One Woman, One Vote video.