Description

In varieties of African-American English, the interdental fricatives are realized as either alveolar stops or labiodental fricatives, depending upon the location of the fricative in the word.

When located at the beginning of a word, the interdental fricative is realized as . For example, the word thin is pronounced as . When located word-medially or word-finally, the interdental fricative is realized as . For example, the word bath is pronounced as .

When located at the beginning of a word, the interdental fricative is realized as . For example, the word this is pronounced as . When located word-medially or word-finally, the interdental fricative is realized as . For example, the word brother is pronounced as .

It is important to note that these rules are quite consistent. In African-American English, it is ungrammatical to pronounce as unless it is at the beginning of a word (bath *), and it is ungrammatical to pronounce as if it is at the beginning of a word (thin *). The same holds true of the voiced interdental fricative.

Background

Smitherman (X) notes the lack of interdental fricatives in West African languages to account for this rule in African-American English, using this as support for a West African source for some features of African-American English.

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